Present Indefinite (Simple) Tense
In English language Tenses play an important role in sentence formation.
Tenses shows (a) the time of an action, (b) its degree of completeness.
The verb may describe:
1 That an action is done at the Present time; as'I think about you'.
2 That an action is done in the Past time; as'I thought about you'.
3 That an action will be done in the Future time; as'I shall think about you'
An aspect of verb which tells the time of an action is called tense. There are mainly three kinds of tenses:
1. Present Tense
2. Past Tense
3. Future Tense
Present Indefinite (Simple) Tense
In Present Indefinite (Simple) Tense, the action is simply mentioned and
there is nothing said about its completeness. It is used to express an
action which happens on a regular basis.
I want to learn English.
I study in Ramjas School.
He gets up early in the morning.
They get up late in the morning.
The sun rises in the east.
I study in School.
He studies in college.
Dog barks.
Dogs bark.
I live in Gujarat.
She obeys her parents.
Birds chirp in the morning.
I teach her daily.
He consults everything with me.
I know him very well.
We go to school together.
Truth always triumphs.
He reads daily.
I live in Gujarat.
You pay attention in study.
Leaders deliver speech during election days.
In the above examples, we notice that neither action is continuous nor
action is complete nor it seems one time action. These are usual actions
which is done on a regular basis or eternal truths.
Present
Indefinite Tense is used to express an action in present time, daily
events & usual action which is done on a regular basis and for
eternal truth.
Present Indefinite Tense - Positive
| Present Indefinite Tense
|
|---|
| Type of Sentence | Rule
|
| Positive | Subject + Verb (Ist form) + s/es + Object + (.)
|
In present indefinite tense, if the subject is third person singular, ‘s’ or ‘es’ is added with first form of verb.
Present indefinite tense meiN verb key saath ‘s’ yaa ‘es’ kaa prayog
tabhee karate hai jab vaakya kaa subject third person singular ho.
| What is First person, Second person and Third person.
|
| First person | I and We | Speaking person
|
| Second person | you | Person to whom spoken
|
| Third person | he, she, it, they,Ram | Person(s) about whom/which spoken. (Everyone except I, we & you).
|
| Pahalaa vyakti | MaiN aur hum | Bolane waalaa vyakti
|
| Doosaraa vyakti | Tum | Jis vyakti ko kahaa jaataa hai
|
| Teesaraa vyakti | Vaah, Vey, Ram | vyakti/vastu jisake baare meiN kahaa jaataa hai.(MaiN, Ham aur Tum - 'I, we, you' ko chhoD kar duniyaa kee baakee sub cheeje)
|
He studies in college / I study in school. - Subject 'He' is third
person singular, hence 's/es' is added with the verb and 'I' is first
person
hence 's/es' is not added with the verb.
Dog barks / Dogs bark - Here 's/es' is added when subject is third
person singular and 's/es' is not added when subject becomes third
person plural.
He studies in college / I study in school. - Kartaa 'He' teesaraa
vyakti (ekvachan) hai isliye 's/es' ko verb ke saath joDaa gayaa hai aur
Kartaa 'I'
pahalaa vyakti hai isliye 's/es' verb ke saath nahee joDaa gayaa hai.
Dog barks / Dogs bark - Kartaa 'Dog' teesaraa vyakti (ekvachan) hai
isliye 's/es' ko verb ke saath joDaa gayaa hai aur jab Kartaa
teesaraa vyakti hee hai parantu bahuvachan ho jaataa hai tab verb ke
saath 's/es' nahee joDaa jaataa.
| Present Indefinite Tense - Positive | MaiN Ravivaar ko Church jaataa hoon.
|
| Person | Subject | Observe addition of 's' or 'es' with verb |
|
| Ist Person -Singular | I | Go | to Church on Sunday.
|
| Ist Person -Plural | We | Go | to Church on Sunday.
|
| 2nd Person | You | Go | to Church on Sunday.
|
| 3rd Person -Singular | He/She/It/Ram/Seema | Goes | to Church on Sunday.
|
| 3rd Person -Plural | They/boys | Go | to Church on Sunday.
|
A sentence must have a verb. When another verb comes in the
sentence, 'To' is used before another verb(s) (other than main verb).
e.g. He goes to park to see Anita. Here main verb is 'go' which is used
as per rule of the tense and another verb is 'see' hence 'to' is
used before verb 'see'.
| "es" is added with verb which ends with letter" " | Examples
|
|---|
| "O" | Go-goes, Do-does,
|
| "CH" | Teach-teaches, Fetch-fetches
|
| "SS" | Miss-misses, Kiss-kisses
|
| "SH" | Finish-finishes, Wash-washes
|
| "X" | Box-boxes, fax-faxes
|
When last letter of verb is 'y' and
second last letter is a consonant, then for adding 's'
with the verb, the letter 'y' is replaced with 'ies' jaise -
study-studies, cry-cries, try-tries. When last letter of verb is 'y'
and
second last letter is a vowel, then we just add 's' after 'y' jaise -
obey-obeys, play-plays, day-days.
In almost other cases, "s" is added with the verb.
|
When 'Come or Go' is used before name of places in a sentence, 'To' is
used after 'Come/Go' 'To' is not used before the words - 'Home / Abroad /
Here / There'
Sentence
We plan to go to Jaipur.
They plan to go abroad.
Please come here
Please go there
Please come to me.
He goes home.
Mother tells lie to protect her child.
He comes home only to take food.
Heena goes to work to Borivali.
Leaders come to ask for vote.
Shilpa goes to college to enjoy.
Kanika works hard to pass the examination.
I admit my mistake.
Manu reads newspaper daily.
The sun shines.
The stars twinkle.
Both of you like kheer.
Your son looks like you.
My watch shows the correct time.
My birthday comes once a year.
Holi comes once a year.
